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highland midge
The highland midge (scientific name: ''Culicoides impunctatus'') (Scots: ''Midgie'') (Gaelic: ''Meanbh-chuileag'') is a species of small flying insect, found in upland and lowland areas (fens, bogs and marshes) especially in the north west of Scotland and northern Wales from late spring to late summer. These insects are also found in suitable habitat throughout the British Isles, Scandinavia, other regions of Europe, Russia and Northern China. Female Highland midges are well known for gathering in clouds and biting humans, and are the smallest flies in Scotland to do so, though the majority of the blood they obtain comes from cattle, sheep and deer.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title='Biting midges in Scotland' )〕 They are generally regarded as pests.
Despite Scotland's exceptionally cold winter in the early part of 2010, scientists discovered that after the prolonged freezing conditions, rather than reducing in number in the Scottish Highlands, the midge population had actually increased the following summer due to the cold weather reducing its natural predators, such as bats and birds.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title='Rise in midges' despite harsh winter )〕
==Activity==
The female midges tend to bite in close proximity to the breeding site (although they have been found up to 1 km away) and near to the ground, and are most active just before dawn and sunset but bite at any time of day. Midges are less active with wind speeds of over 6 mph, or humidity below 60-75%.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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